Natech or natural? An analysis of hazard perceptions,institutional trust,and future storm worry following Hurricane Harvey     

Slack  Tim  Parks  Vanessa  Ayer  Lynsay  Parker  Andrew M.  Finucane  Melissa L.  Ramchand  Rajeev 《Natural Hazards》2020,102(3):1207-1224

Natural Hazards - Researchers have traditionally conceptualized hazards that give rise to disasters as “natural” or “technological.” An extensive literature has documented...  相似文献   

泥水平衡盾构用海水泥浆的改性试验研究     

杨振兴  陈健  孙振川  游永锋  周建军  吕乾乾 《岩土力学》2020,41(2):501-508

由于海水中富集大量可溶性盐类及各种金属离子成分，利用海水配置的海水泥浆具有相对密度大、胶体率低、稳定性差、失水量高等特点，不能满足泥水平衡盾构施工要求。为实现对海水泥浆改性以达到利用海水泥浆维持开挖面稳定，降低穿江越海盾构施工成本，选用CMC（羧甲基纤维素钠）、纤维素PAC（聚阴离子纤维素）、聚丙烯酸铵等8种添加剂进行海水泥浆性质变化试验，优选出对海水泥浆改性明显的添加剂，并分析优选添加剂掺入量和时间对海水泥浆性质的影响规律。同时，基于优选的添加剂CMC，利用泥膜形成试验平台进行改性海水泥浆地层渗透试验。研究表明：不同添加剂对海水泥浆性质变化差异较大，增黏剂PAC、CMC对海水泥浆的改性效果稍好，24 h离析出现浑浊层、混合层、絮凝沉淀层。海水泥浆对地层渗透的滤水量大于改性海水泥浆，泥皮也稍厚，但呈稀疏状态。可以推测，添加剂中和部分海水成分，呈絮凝沉淀，多余添加剂表现出对淡水泥浆的增稠作用。  相似文献   

国外军事地质学热点问题     

李万伦  吕鹏  孟庆奎  王铭晗 《地质论评》2020,66(1):189-196

近年来以美国为代表的西方军事强国在军事地质学领域已取得了很大进展,尤其在应对未来战争方面作了许多准备。通过系统搜集国际军事地球科学会议(ICMG)和美国地质学会(GSA)有关军事地质学的最新专题研讨会论文与其他公开出版资料,梳理了当前国外军事地质学研究的热点问题并阐述了其新进展,其中作战领域包括地形情报研究、军事基地选址、潜在特殊战场环境调查、地下重要设施评价、非常规作战环境调查;非作战领域则包括抢险救灾、生态环境保护和环境安全评价等。最后分析了当前军事地质学研究存在的问题,并指出了其未来发展趋势。  相似文献   

基于卷积神经网的CCTV视频中排水管道缺陷的智能检测     

吕兵  刘玉贤  叶绍泽  闫臻 《测绘通报》2019,(11):103-108

作为地下空间信息测绘工作的一个重要部分，基于排水管道内部测绘信息的管道缺陷检测越来越受到人们的重视。CCTV技术是一种广泛使用的排水管道内部测绘与缺陷检测技术。近些年基于卷积神经网的人工智能技术在图像识别中取得了巨大成功，受此启发，提出了一种基于卷积神经网络的排水管道缺陷的检测方法，以提高CCTV视频中的管道缺陷检测的自动化和智能化。试验证明了该方法的有效性，其在缺陷识别的准确率和召回率及识别速度上均满足了排水管道缺陷智能检测的需要；同时该方法也已经在深圳市的排水管道检测中得到广泛的应用。  相似文献   

旋翼无人机测算风速风向技术研究   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

何诚  吕振义  李瑾  王越  舒立福 《测绘通报》2019,(12):91-95

目前大部分民用无人机没有准确测量风速、风向和预警风场的功能，然而森林火灾扑救等多种场景需要无人机可以提供准确的风速。本文提出了一种基于旋翼无人机坐标数据测算风速风向的技术，通过无人机主机RTK坐标信息及方位角、倾角数据精准获取螺旋桨点相对坐标信息，选择不同负载条件下无人机以1~16 m/s的不同速度分别飞行30 s以上，根据螺旋桨坐标信息变化数值，结合风洞测试数据及风场动力学原理，研究风速与旋翼无人机倾角关系，并通过风洞试验检验该方法精度；并可根据无人机RTK推算出的螺旋桨坐标变化信息判断风向。结果表明，无人机风速与旋翼无人机倾角呈正相关关系；无人机负载加重时，对应受风速干扰的倾角会相对减小；无人机飞行受阵风干扰出现噪点的概率，高海拔区域大于低海拔区域；并建立六旋翼无人机飞行倾角的风速估算模型y=－1.043 5+1.150 1x，该模型测算风速的中误差值为0.966，绝对值小于1，满足应急指挥现场对无人机测量风速精度要求。该方法得到风速测算精度高，可以为旋翼无人机实时获取风速风向提供一种可行方法，具有一定的实用价值。  相似文献   

Strain analysis of a seismically imaged mass‐transport complex,offshore Uruguay     

Michael J. Steventon  Christopher A.‐L. Jackson  David M. Hodgson  Howard D. Johnson 《Basin Research》2019,31(3):600-620

Strain style, magnitude and distribution within mass‐transport complexes (MTCs) are important for understanding the process evolution of submarine mass flows and for estimating their runout distances. Structural restoration and quantification of strain in gravitationally driven passive margins have been shown to approximately balance between updip extensional and downdip contractional domains; such an exercise has not yet been attempted for MTCs. We here interpret and structurally restore a shallowly buried (c. 1,500 mbsf) and well‐imaged MTC, offshore Uruguay using a high‐resolution (12.5 m vertical and 15 × 12.5 m horizontal resolution) three‐dimensional seismic‐reflection survey. This allows us to characterise and quantify vertical and lateral strain distribution within the deposit. Detailed seismic mapping and attribute analysis shows that the MTC is characterised by a complicated array of kinematic indicators, which vary spatially in style and concentration. Seismic‐attribute extractions reveal several previously undocumented fabrics preserved in the MTC, including internal shearing in the form of sub‐orthogonal shear zones, and fold‐thrust systems within the basal shear zone beneath rafted‐blocks. These features suggest multiple transport directions and phases of flow during emplacement. The MTC is characterised by a broadly tripartite strain distribution, with extensional (e.g. normal faults), translational and contractional (e.g. folds and thrusts) domains, along with a radial frontally emergent zone. We also show how strain is preferentially concentrated around intra‐MTC rafted‐blocks due to their kinematic interactions with the underlying basal shear zone. Overall, and even when volume loss within the frontally emergent zone is included, a strain difference between extension (1.6–1.9 km) and contraction (6.7–7.3 km) is calculated. We attribute this to a combination of distributed, sub‐seismic, ‘cryptic’ strain, likely related to de‐watering, grain‐scale deformation and related changes in bulk sediment volume. This work has implications for assessing MTCs strain distribution and provides a practical approach for evaluating structural interpretations within such deposits.  相似文献   

The Crust–Mantle Carbon Cycle and Origin of Abiogenic Hydrocarbons     

Sorokhtin  N. O.  Lobkovsky  L. I.  Kozlov  N. E. 《Oceanology》2020,60(2):248-258

Oceanology - Abstract—The paper studies carbon transformation and transfer processes in the crust and mantle. Sediments dragged into subduction zones are dewatered, broken down, and altered...  相似文献   

Interaction of the Atmosphere and Lithosphere in the Minute Range of Periods     

Dolgikh  G. I.  Dolgikh  S. G.  Vasilevskaya  L. N.  Lisina  I. A. 《Doklady Earth Sciences》2020,490(1):18-22

Doklady Earth Sciences - The interaction between the atmosphere and the lithosphere in the minute range of periods is considered. The technique of assessment of the influence of atmospheric...  相似文献   

Hydrothermal activity on the CV parent body: New perspectives from the giant Transantarctic Mountains minimeteorite TAM5.29     

J. Nava  M. D. Suttle  R. Spiess  L. Folco  J. Najorka  C. Carli  M. Massironi 《Meteoritics & planetary science》2020,55(1):164-183

TAM5.29 is an extraterrestrial dust grain, collected on the Transantarctic Mountains (TAM). Its mineralogy is dominated by an Fe‐rich matrix composed of platy fayalitic olivines and clasts of andradite surrounded by diopside‐jarosite mantles; chondrules are absent. TAM5.29 records a complex geological history with evidence of extensive thermal metamorphism in the presence of fluids at T < 300 °C. Alteration was terminated by an impact, resulting in shock melt veins and compaction‐orientated foliation of olivine. A second episode of alteration at lower temperatures (<100 °C) occurred postimpact and is either parent body or terrestrial in origin and resulted in the formation of iddingsite. The lack of chondrules is explained by random subsampling of the parent body, with TAM5.29 representing a matrix‐only fragment. On the basis of bulk chemical composition, mineralogy, and geological history TAM5.29 demonstrates affinities to the CV_ox group with a mineralogical assemblage in between the Allende‐like and Bali‐like subgroups (CV_oxA and TAM5.29 are rich in andradite, magnetite, and FeNiS, but CV_oxA lacks hydrated minerals, common in TAM5.29; conversely, CV_oxB are rich in hydrated phyllosilicates but contain almost pure fayalite, not found in TAM5.29). In addition, TAM5.29 has a slightly different metasomatic history, in between the oxidized and reduced CV metamorphic grades while also recording higher oxidizing conditions as compared to the known CV chondrites. This study represents the third CV‐like cosmic dust particle, containing a unique composition, mineralogy, and fabric, demonstrating variation in the thermal metamorphic history of the CV parent body(‐ies).  相似文献   

On yoderite: Using calculated phase equilibria to investigate its rarity in the geological record of whiteschists          下载免费PDF全文

Brandon L. Alessio  David E. Kelsey 《Journal of Metamorphic Geology》2018,36(3):297-314

A new activity–composition model is presented for green (Mn³⁺‐absent) yoderite for use in the latest internally consistent thermodynamic data set used by THERMOCALC, for calculations primarily in MgO–Al₂O₃–SiO₂–H₂O–O system, where O is a proxy for Fe₂O₃. P–T grids calculated with our model in the MASH and MASHO system feature invariant points and univariant reaction bundles that are consistent with existing experimental results. Using this new model, we have explored the stability of yoderite in whiteschists, a rare type of high‐pressure rock that conforms closely to the MASHO system. Using a series of calculated models in which composition varies, it is shown that yoderite stability is a function of bulk‐rock SiO₂, MgO and Al₂O₃, where the most important component for stabilizing yoderite is a function of pressure and temperature. The rarity of yoderite in naturally occurring whiteschists is largely related to these compositional factors, with most whiteschists having rock compositions that are too SiO₂‐rich and Al₂O₃‐poor to allow yoderite formation. However, in addition to compositional factors, the calculated P–T stability field of yoderite occurs over thermal gradients that are generally too high to occur in modern‐style subduction zones. As nearly all known whiteschist occurrences are Phanerozoic in age, the near‐complete absence of yoderite in late Neoproterozoic–Phanerozoic whiteschists may be at least partially due to modern subduction systems failing to produce the hotter thermal gradients needed to stabilize yoderite. The provision of this new a–x model for green yoderite allows for more rigorous P–T–X investigations of all whiteschists.  相似文献